Dengue is the most common mosquitoborne viral disease in the world. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue is an important differential diagnosis of fever in children presenting to firstlevel health facilities in tropical asia and latin america. Laboratory diagnosis and diagnostic tests dengue ncbi. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. In 1793 philadelphia, sixteenyearold matilda cook, separated. Depending on the geographical origin of the patient, other etiologies including nondengue flavivirus infections should be ruled out.
Dengue fever usually results in abrupt onset of high fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, and generalized lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that appears with a 2nd temperature rise after an afebrile period. May 03, 2019 classic dengue fever is marked by rapid onset of high fever, headache, retroorbital pain, diffuse body pain both muscle and bone, weakness, vomiting, sore throat, altered taste sensation, and a centrifugal maculopapular rash, among other manifestations. Dengue in asia and the pacific islands watch level 1. Graham in 1903 implicated aedes aegypti as the vector for the disease and the virus was isolated in 1944 by albert sabin et al1. Jul 04, 2016 it goes the distance in explaining all the aspects of dengue fever. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause. In the late 1990s, keyboardist ethan holtzman discovered cambodian psychedelic rock music while. Although the geographic distribution of dengue is similar to that of malaria, dengue is more of a risk in urban and residential areas. Feb 16, 2018 diagnosing dengue fever can be difficult, because its signs and symptoms can be easily confused with those of other diseases such as malaria, leptospirosis and typhoid fever. The mosquitoes that spread dengue usually breed in urban areas close to human habitation and are most active during daylight hours. Dengue fever, and its more recent severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is the most important arthropodtransmitted viral disease of humans in the world today.
Isbn 9781789849998, eisbn 9781789850000, pdf isbn 9781838817619, published 20190. The severity of the disease can be affected by the infecting virus itself and the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the person infected. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Dengue fever can easily be confused with nondengue illnesses, particularly in nonepidemic situations.
Dengue fever is a reemergent disease affecting more than 100 countries. Although the disease caused by denv is selflimiting in the first infection, the antibodydependent enhancement ade effect increases the mortality in the second infection with a heterotypic virus. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution 4. Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that live in tropical and subtropical climates and carry the virus. Dengue begins abruptly with a nonspecific, acute febrile illness lasting 2 to 7 days febrile phase, often accompanied by muscle, joint, andor bone pain, headache, retroorbital pain, facial erythema, injected oropharynx, macular or maculopapular rash, leukopenia, and petechiae or other minor bleeding manifestations. Primarily a disease of the tropics, dengue fever is caused by a virus caused by a mosquito which prefers to feed on humans and is native to the tropics. Dengue virus denv has become a global health threat with about half of the worlds population at risk of infection. The disease can take up to 2 weeks to develop with illness generally lasting less than a week. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Each year, 50100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur. Df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf and dengue shock syndrome dss. Your doctor will likely ask about your medical and travel history. Denguelike illness is defined by fever as reported by the patient or healthcare provider.
Health effects from dengue include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, muscle and joint pain, and minor bleeding. The severity of the pain led to the term breakbone fever to describe dengue. Pdf dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. Dengue fever a resilient threat in the face of innovation. Severe dengue asian society for pediatric infectious diseases. Symptoms include fever, headache, myalgias and arthralgias, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In the chapter, a mathematical model with immunization is proposed to simulate the succession of 2. This book is a wealth of information about dengue fever how to treat it, how to prevent it, and how to recognize the symptoms, etc. The symptoms of mild dengue fever are pain in muscles and joints, body rash, high fever. Approximately 5% of patients develop severe dengue, which is more common with second or other subsequent infections. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Each year, an estimated 390 million people are infected.
Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. After the second world war four serotypes of dengue virus spread from asia to several countries around the word, principally in subtropical and tropical areas, where the main vector meets optimal life conditions. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. The presence of fever, itchy rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Dengue like illness is defined by fever as reported by the patient or healthcare provider. Mar 12, 2020 dengue is an infection caused by a virus. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. Dengue begins abruptly after an incubation period of 57 days range, 310 days, and the course follows 3 phases. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Dengue fever is a severe, flulike illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. In rare cases dengue can be very serious and potentially life threatening. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the lifethreatening dengue. Since there is no specific efficient medicine in treatment, it is urgent to. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, and rhinorrhea, can occur. Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who.
Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Clinical efficacy and safety of a novel tetravalent. Gubler, in tropical infectious diseases third edition, 2011. Infants and young children may have a nonspecific febrile illness with rash. Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus and are common. Guidelines for dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Manufactured in the united states of america 26 28 30 29 27 the library of congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows. Severe plasma leakage evidenced by hypovolemic shock andor extravascular fluid. Recovery generally takes less than two to seven days. Dengue is an infection caused by the dengue virus of which there are four different types serogroups. Dengue is a disease caused by a virus spread through mosquito bites. After this period of crossprotection, infection with a different strain may predispose to more severe disease. During fever defervescence, usually on days 3 through 7 of illness, an. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. In this ebook, we will focus on what we believe to be a true challenge in dengue.
In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. One of the most important challenges for the development of a dengue virus vaccine is the immunopathogenic. A risk to anyone traveling to a tropical or subtropical region of the world where dengue virus is found. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a flavivirus. This is known as severe dengue or dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Jorge abelardo falconlezama, miguel betancourtcravioto and roberto tapiaconyer. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy, and rash. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times.
Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Pdf dengue is a major public health concern throughout the tropical and. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral. They belong to the genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae of which yellow fever virus is the type species, which contains approximately 53 viruses. Severe dengue is defined as dengue with any one or more of the following scenarios. The public health importance of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and the dramatic increase in published literature on this disease make this book particularly timely. People whove had dengue before are thought to be most at risk of severe dengue if they become infected again. Clinical implications and treatment of dengue core. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. Dengue is not included in the generic integrated management of childhood illness imci algorithm, but due to its importance, it was incorporated in several asian and latin american imci adaptations. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral disease in the world. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue red book 2015 red book online aap pointofcare.
Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Its incidence rate has increased fourfold since 1970 with nearly half the worlds population now at risk. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Cdc health information for international travel 2012. Dengue red book 2018 red book online aap pointofcare. Dengue has a wide range of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection to classic dengue fever and severe dengue ie, dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of dengue is of primary importance for clinical care i. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, 2nd edition wilderness. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection.
Be sure to describe international trips in detail, including the countries you visited and the dates. The clinical features of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropod borne viral. A person has a lifetime risk of up to 4 dengue virus. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Dengue is the most important arbovirus to the public health, worldwide. Blood testing detects the dengue virus or antibodies produced in response to dengue infection according to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, dengue infections have been reported in more than 100 countries from parts of africa, the.
In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Assessment of novel techniques for use in the national context. It is also known as breakbone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or sevenday fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Book design by steve scott the text for this book is set in adobe caslon.
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